A moderator variable, commonly denoted as just M, is a third variable that affects the strength of the relationship between a dependent and independent variable In correlation, a moderator is a third variable that affects the correlation of two variables. In a causal relationship, if x is the predictor variable and y is an outcome variable, then z is the moderator variable that affects the casual relationship of x and y. Most of the moderator variables measure causal relationship using regression coefficient. The moderator variable, if found to be significant, can cause an amplifying or weakening effect between x and y. In ANOVA, the moderator variable effect is represented by the interaction effect between the dependent variable and the factor variable.
Questions Answered:
Does gender effectively moderate the relationship between desire to marry and attitudes of marriage?
Does Z treatment effect the impact of X drug onto Y symptoms?
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Moderated regression analysis: This is a regression based technique that is used to identify the moderator variable. To explain how MRA technique works, we can use the following example:
Let (1)
(2)
(3)
In this equation, if (the interaction between the independent variable and moderator variable) is not statistically significant, then Z is not a moderator variable, it is just an independent variable. If is statistically significant, then Z will be a moderator variable, and thus moderation is supported.
Linear vs. non-linear measurement: In a regression equation, when the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variable is linear, then the dependent variable may change when the value of the moderator variable changes. In a linear relationship, the following equation is used to represent the effect:
In this equation, the relationship is linear and represents the interaction effect of the moderator and the independent variable. When the relationship is non-linear, the following equation shows the effect of the moderator variable effect:
In this equation, the relationship between the dependent and the independent variable is non-linear, so and shows the interaction effect. In a repeated measure design moderator, the variable can also be used. In multi-level modeling, if a variable predicts the effect size, that variable is called the moderator variable.
Assumptions:
In this equation, the interaction effect between X and Z measures the moderation effect. Typically, if there is no significant relationship on the dependent variable from the interaction between the moderator and independent variable, moderation is not supported.
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