Reporting Statistics in APA Format

In both examples, the number following r in parentheses represents the degrees of freedom (df), linked to the sample size. Then, researchers report the correlation coefficient, followed by the p-value. Note that when a p-value is less than .001, we do not report p = .000. This is because p-values can never be equal to zero. P-values below .001 are reported as p < .001.

Regression

• Results of the multiple linear regression indicated that there was a collective significant effect between the gender, age, and job satisfaction, (F(9, 394) = 20.82, p < .001, R2 = .32). Age (t = -11.98, p = .002) and gender (t = 2.81, p = .005) were significant predictors in the model.
• Results of the binary logistic regression indicated that there was a significant association between age, gender, race, and passing the reading exam (χ2(3) = 69.22, p < .001).

In the above examples, the numbers in parentheses after the test statistics F and χ2 again represent the degrees of freedom. The F statistics will always have two numbers reported for the degrees of freedom following the format: (df regression, df error). For statistics like R² and p-values, where we assume the number before the decimal point is zero, we omit the 0.

T-Tests

• The t-test showed no significant difference in job satisfaction between males and females (t(29) = -1.85, p = .074).
• Results of the dependent (paired) sample t-tests indicated that there were significant differences in job satisfaction between pretest and posttest, (t(33) = 37.25, p < .001).

Once again, for t-tests, the number in parentheses following the t is the degrees of freedom.

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

• Results of the ANOVA indicated that there were not significant differences in job satisfaction between ethnicities (F(2, 125) = 0.16, p = .854, partial η2 = .003).

• In F notation, the first number is the numerator degrees of freedom. And the second is the denominator (error) degrees of freedom. The partial η2 refers to the effect size of the test.